NSC216

The oval window is approximately ____________ times smaller than the tympanic
membrane.

2. The cells of the taste buds each have a normal life span of about ______days.

Olfactory neurons are bipolar neurons with dendrites extending to the epithelial surface of the
_______

4. ______is a partial loss of smell or decreased sensation of smell

5. The middle ear contains three auditory ossicles: the malleus, incus, and_____________.

6. ______ can produce strong emotional reactions, memories, and other responses

Each of the 10,000 taste buds on a person’s tongue consists of three major types of
specialised ______cells

8. How many primary tastes have been identified in humans?

When the taste cells depolarize, they release _____ that diffuse to sensory neurons associated
with the taste cells.

10. The basilar membrane is not uniform throughout its length.

11. Substances called ______ dissolve in saliv

12. Light enters the eye through the _______

13. A small superior part of the nasal cavity is lined with______.

______ of the inner hair cells by the nervous system stimulates the contraction of actin
filaments within the hair cells, causing them to shorten.

Olfactory neurons are ______ neurons with dendrites extending to the epithelial surface of
the nasal cavity.

16. _____ consist of taste cells, basilar cells, and supporting cells.

The ends of the dendrites are modified into bulbous enlargements with long specialised cilia
called _______

18. The sensory cells of each taste bud consist of about 50______.

The _____ functions as two separate nerves carrying information from two separate but
closely related structures.

Stimulation of the inner hair cells by the nervous system stimulates the contraction of
______________ within the hair cells causing them to shorten.

21. A slight oscillatory movement of the eyes, called _____ occurs.

The inner ear consists of interconnecting, fluid-filled tunnels and chambers within the
temporal bone called the______

A ______ pathway allows the maintenance of visual fixation on an object while the head is in
motion.

24. Deflection of the _____ toward the kinocilium results in depolarization of the hair cell.

The ______________ muscle is attached to the malleus and is innervated by the trigeminal
nerve
(V).

The volume, or loudness, of sound is a function of wave amplitude, or height, measured
in______________.

Axons from olfactory neurons form the olfactory nerves which pass through the olfactory
foramina of the cribriform plate and enter the______

28. _____ is mainly a function of the taste buds in the mouth

29. The _____________collects sound waves and directs them into the external acoustic meatus.

The _____________ or loudness, of sound is a function of wave amplitude, or height,
measured in decibels.

31. There are _____ semicircular canals placed at nearly right angles to one another.

32. The odorants must first be dissolved in fluid in order to reach the olfactory receptors.

33. The iris contains ______ groups of smooth muscles

34. _________ smell perception with no external stimulus

Within the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex, ______ occur that tend to inhibit transmission
of action potentials resulting from prolonged exposure to a given odorant.

36. The ____________and stapedius muscles are attached to auditory ossicles.

37. The average person can distinguish among approximately _____ different smells

The _____opens into the pharynx and enables air pressure to be equalised between the
outside air and the middle ear cavity.

39. Static balance is associated with the utricle and the _____ of the vestibule.

_____ neurons are bipolar neurons with dendrites extending to the epithelial surface of the
nasal cavity.

41. The higher the frequency is, the higher the pitch.

The _____________s muscle is attached to the stapes and is innervated by the facial nerve
(VII).

43. The head to the eardrum is also called _______

44. ____ is distortion of perception of an external stimulus

The “hairs” of the hair cells consist of numerous microvilli, called stereocilia, and one cilium,
called a______.

46. Pitch is measured in ______________

47. Distortion of the ______ membrane can make sounds seem muffled and stimulate pain

48. Rupture of the tympanic membrane may result in_____.

49. Food served at the wrong ______ is perceived as distasteful.

50. The ______________ of sound is a function of the wave frequency.