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The volume, or loudness, of sound is a function of wave amplitude, or height, measured
in______________.

2. Distortion of the ______ membrane can make sounds seem muffled and stimulate pain

3. The brain interprets the higher frequency of action potentials as a ______________sound

______ is associated with the vestibule and is involved in evaluating the position of the head
relative to gravity.

5. Pitch is measured in ______________

6. Sound waves travel relatively slowly in air ____________ m/s

Substances called tastants dissolve in saliva, enter the taste pores, and by various mechanisms
cause the taste cells to______.

Each of the ______ taste buds on a person’s tongue consists of three major types of
specialised epithelial cells

9. The binding of tastants to receptors on the taste hairs activates ______

The importance of taste lies in the fact that it allows a person to select _____ in accord with
desires

The _____________ or loudness, of sound is a function of wave amplitude, or height,
measured in decibels.

The stereocilia and kinocilium are embedded in the_____, which is a gelatinous mass
weighted with crystals of calcium carbonate and protein called otoliths.

13. _________ smell perception with no external stimulus

14. The bony labyrinth is lined with_______.

15. The eyeball is composed of _____layers.

16. _____ is the least understood of our senses.

17. How many taste buds do adults have?

18. A slight oscillatory movement of the eyes, called _____ occurs.

19. _____ is a complete loss of smell

Each taste cell has several taste hairs extending from its apex into a tiny opening in the
epithelium called the______

21. The basilar membrane is not uniform throughout its length.

The _____ stimulate action potentials in the sensory neurons which are conducted to the brain
where the sense of taste is perceived.

The _____ joins the vestibular nerve to become the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), which
traverses the internal acoustic meatus and enters the cranial cavity.

Olfactory neurons are bipolar neurons with _____ extending to the epithelial surface of the
nasal cavity.

The fibrous layer consists of the sclera and cornea; the vascular layer consists of the_____,
ciliary body, and iris.

26. The odorants must first be dissolved in fluid in order to reach the olfactory receptors.

When the taste cells depolarize, they release _____ that diffuse to sensory neurons associated
with the taste cells.

28. _____ of the hairs toward the kinocilium results in depolarization of the hair cell.

Each of the 10,000 taste buds on a person’s tongue consists of three major types of
specialised ______cells

30. The ciliary ring and the base of the ciliary processes contain smooth muscle called_____.

31. The higher the frequency is, the higher the pitch.

32. The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head is called_____

Olfactory neurons are bipolar neurons with dendrites extending to the epithelial surface of the
_______

34. The sense of balance, or equilibrium, has two components: _____ and____

35. Static balance is associated with the utricle and the _____ of the vestibule.

36. The remaining two nonsensory cell types are basal cells and_____

37. Deflection of the hairs toward the kinocilium results in ______of the hair cell

38. Light enters the eye through the _______

39. _____ is mainly a function of the taste buds in the mouth

The fibrous layer consists of the sclera and cornea; the _____consists of the choroid, ciliary
body, and iris.

A ______ pathway allows the maintenance of visual fixation on an object while the head is in
motion.

Each of the 10,000 taste buds on a person’s tongue consists of _______ major types of
specialised epithelial cells

Within the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex, ______ occur that tend to inhibit transmission
of action potentials resulting from prolonged exposure to a given odorant.

44. The _____________collects sound waves and directs them into the external acoustic meatus.

_______________ of the inner hair cells by the nervous system stimulates the contraction of
actin filaments within the hair cells causing them to shorten.

The auditory tube opens into the _____________ and enables air pressure to be equalised
between the outside air and the middle ear cavity.

47. ____ is distortion of perception of an external stimulus

The fibrous layer consists of the sclera and cornea; the vascular layer consists of the choroid,
______body, and iris.

49. The _____ regulates the amount of light by controlling the size of the pupil.

Stimulation of the inner hair cells by the nervous system stimulates the contraction of
______________ within the hair cells causing them to shorten.