CSS133

Technically, crime is
composed of two elements;
the act itself and ___

The functionalists beleive
that it is the abnormal
functioning of the
components of the society
that leads to criminal
behaviour

The attempt to achieve a
culturally approved goal by
unconventioanl means is
called___

The marxists believe that
criminal behaviour arises
from the wider social
conditions or social
structure of___economy

Criminologists usually focus
more on 'how, and why'
Crimes are committed
rather than
__And providing proof of
guilt

The concept of alienation
was used by___

The theroy of punishment in
the 18th century stated that
punishment should be
__With crime committed

It can be deduced from the
definition of the
functionalism that crime is
blamed on the

Differential association
theory was propounded
by___

Crimes are classified
according to the ___ of the
offence

An active player in the
functionnalist school of
thought is___

The eighteenth century
understanding of crime
emphasises the
omnipresent temptation to
which all human kind was

Durkhiem identified two
types of societies, these are
__and organic solidarity

In the course of defining
crime, Emile Durkhiem
divided law into 2 parts;
criminal laws and

Skyes defines criminlogy as
the study of the social
origins of criminal law, the
administration of criminal
justice the causes of
criminal behaviour and the
_and control of crime

Three basic body types
were distinguished as signs
of criminality, these are;
mesomorphs, ectomorphs
and___

Penology deals with an
aspect of the criminal
justice process known
as___

Shaw and Mckay are of the
view that___ influence
individual behaviour to
either commit crime or
abstain from crime

The main focus of the
feminist criminologist is on
the___

Penology is the study of
penal sanctions or ______

Theoretical basis of the
school of thought in
criminology can be grouped
under; psychoanalysis,
functionalism,marxism,
feminism and ___________

The social reaction to the
initial action is called

The labelling approach to
crime is first based on the
assumption that for
someone to be called
deviant, that person must
have broken a _________

is of the school of
utilitarianism

Anomie as a concept was
used in relation to the
causes of crime by__

The feminists are of the
view that crime arises
from___

Instinct gratification
represents the _______
of the sub concious mind

The major player in the
Marxist school of thought
is___

The theory of human
ecology was postulated
by___

Criminology means the
scientific understanding of
___and ___

Criminality is used for
behaviour that violates
laws, while Perversion is
assigned to behaviour that
does not conform to

Symbolic interractionism is
based on the study of ___
And ___

According to Emile
Durkhiem (1893), crime is
as a result of a neccesssary
consequence of the
existence of a collecctively
supported

Cesare Lombroso argued
that criminals are born__

Where criminal youths are
closely connected with
adult criminals, it is said to
be a criminal___

The norms that are looked
upon by the members of a
society or a group within
the same society as being
extremly important and the
violation of which will
normally result in severe
punishment from the
society or group is called

Transgressors of mores
face the inposition of
shame, ostracism and
sometimes

Little division of labour is a
characteristic of
Society

Law is an act or ommission
in violation of criminal law
committed without defence
or justification and
sanctioned by the state as
a felony or misdemeanor.
This definition was given by

Criminology is best seen as
a social science which is
concerned with the aspects
of___

Criminalistics is the
methods of investifation
and

The branch of criminology
that is concerned with the
scientific study of victims is
called__

The cultural transmission
theory was postulated
by___

Empiricle research is done
for analysing
with regards to arrest,
convictions and sentencing

In the above definition the
emphasis is on the function
of law and the efficacy of
the administration of justice
in the
_And control of crime

Deviance on the other hand
is the violation of folkways
and

Social groups create
deviance by making rules
which if violated constitutes
deviance and by attributing
those reules to a particular
person and labelling him as
an

Offences universally
accepted everywhere and
at all times as crime is
called___

Differential association
theory is refered to as
the___

The proponent of labelling
theory is